Antibodies Inc. and Aves Labs are excited to be at the forefront of biomedical research by providing essential antibodies that are used in organoid studies.
These organoids are pushing the boundaries of what's possible in the lab, bringing us closer to breakthroughs in disease research and personalized medicine.
NeuroMab mouse monoclonal and Aves Labs chicken antibodies are highly validated tools in the neuroscience community and their use in organoid applications continues to grow. Our mouse monoclonal and chicken polyclonal antibodies are featured in several publications highlighting organoid research.
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What are Organoids?
Organoids are 3D cell cultures derived from stem cells that self-organize and become organ-specific cell types that mimic the structure, function, and cellular complexity of human organs. This makes organoids a translatable tool and an alternative to the use of animals.
These in vitro cultured miniaturized versions of organs are a good fit for studying complex tissues, such as the brain, and are now widely used in academic and drug development labs to study organ development and evaluate drug candidate toxicity.
What are NeuroMabs?
NeuroMabs are a highly validated collection of mouse monoclonal antibodies validated for neuroscience targets.
What are Aves Labs antibodies?
Aves Labs develops antibodies in chickens, a much less common host for antibodies which simplifies multiplexing and also reduces background staining.
What do they do?
NeuroMabs and Aves Labs antibodies are used for a growing list of applications including western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, array tomography, and tissue-clearing microscopy.
Why is it important?
These powerful reagents are all tested in brain, many are knockout validated, and they are offered with the option of four different fluorophore conjugates.
Table 1. An abbreviated list of publications using NeuroMab and Aves Labs Antibodies:
| Antigen | Host | Cat # | Application | Ref # |
| PSD-95 | Mouse | NeuroMab 75-029 | Immunofluorescence of brain organoid | 1 |
| PSD-95 | Mouse | NeuroMab 75-028 | Immunohistochemistry Human iPSC-derived cortical organoids |
2 |
| VGlut1 | Mouse | NeuroMab 75-066 | Immunofluorescence of human dorsoventral spinal cord organoids |
3 |
| CASPR | Mouse | NeuroMab 75-001 | Immunostaining of the brain, spinal cord and sciatic nerve |
4 |
| Kv1.2 | Mouse | NeuroMab 75-105 | Immunostaining of the brain, spinal cord and sciatic nerve |
4 |
| GFAP | Mouse | NeuroMab 75-240 | Human cortical spheroids | 5 |
| GFP | Chicken | Aves Labs GFP-1020 | Human cerebral organoids | 6 |
| GFP | Chicken | Aves Labs GFP-1020 | Human glia-enriched organoids | 7 |
| DCX | Chicken | Aves Labs DCX | Human cerebral organoids | 8 |
| beta-tubulin 3 | Chicken | Aves Labs TUJ | Patient-derived glioma organoids | 9 |
| GFAP | Chicken | Aves Labs GFAP | Patient-derived glioma organoids | 9 |
| GFP | Chicken | Aves Labs GFP-1020 | Human brain organoids | 10 |
| GFP | Chicken | Aves Labs GFP-1020 | Primate cerebral organoids | 11 |
| GFP | Chicken | Aves Labs GFP-1020 | hiPSC-derived cerebral organoids | 12 |
| GFP | Chicken | Aves Labs GFP-1020 | Cortical organoids from human iPSC | 13 |
Figure 1. Immunolabeling and quantification of Synapsin 1- (SYN1) and PSD95-positive cells (green and red, respectively) within MAP2 + neurons (white) in eight-week old human brain cortical organoids (BCO). The BCO were derived from dermal fibroblasts from healthy donors.
Figure 2. Expression of glutamatergic synapse markers in day 79 organoid sections. Co-localization of pre-synaptic marker synapsin 1 (SYN1) and post synaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) was used to identify glutamatergic synapses. Scale bar = 10 μm. PSD95 in red. The induced pluripotent stem cells were donated by healthy volunteers.
Figure 3. Expression patterns of spinal cord neuronal markers from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Human organoids at week 6 by MAP2, ChAT, HB9, GAD67, and VGlut1. VGlut1 in green. Scale bars, 50 mm.
Figure 4. CASPR and Kv1.2 IHC (labeled in red and green, respectively) and analysis in ventral lumbar spinal cord of 21- and 140 -day-old Shank3 (+/+) and Shank3Δ11(−/−) C57BI/6J mice. Scale bar 2 μm.
Figure 5. Representative immunocytochemistry images of d150 hCS staining for neuronal dendritic marker astrocyte marker GFAP (green).
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References
1. Mesci P, de Souza JS, Martin-Sancho L, Macia A, Saleh A, Yin X, Snethlage C, Adams JW, Avansini SH, Herai RH, Almenar-Queralt A, Pu Y, Szeto RA, Goldberg G, Bruck PT, Papes F, Chanda SK, Muotri AR. SARS-CoV-2 infects human brain organoids causing cell death and loss of synapses that can be rescued by treatment with Sofosbuvir. PLoS Biol. 2022 Nov 3;20(11):e3001845.
2. Rylaarsdam L, Rakotomamonjy J, Pope E, Guemez-Gamboa A. iPSC-derived models of PACS1 syndrome reveal transcriptional and functional deficits in neuron activity. Nat Commun. 2024 Jan 27;15(1):827. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-44989-7.
3. Xue W, Li B, Liu H, Xiao Y, Li B, Ren L, Li H, Shao Z. Generation of dorsoventral human spinal cord organoids via functionalizing composite scaffold for drug testing. iScience. 2022 Dec 26;26(1):105898.
4. Malara M, Lutz AK, Incearap B, Bauer HF, Cursano S, Volbracht K, Lerner JJ, Pandey R, Delling JP, Ioannidis V, Arévalo AP, von Bernhardi JE, Schön M, Bockmann J, Dimou L, Boeckers TM. SHANK3 deficiency leads to myelin defects in the central and peripheral nervous system. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022 Jun 20;79(7):371.
5. De Kleijn KMA, Straasheijm KR, Zuure WA, Martens GJM. Molecular Signature of Neuroinflammation Induced in Cytokine-Stimulated Human Cortical Spheroids. Biomedicines. 2022 Apr 29;10(5):1025.
6. Jabali A, Hoffrichter A, Uzquiano A, Marsoner F, Wilkens R, Siekmann M, Bohl B, Rossetti AC, Horschitz S, Koch P, Francis F, Ladewig J. Human cerebral organoids reveal progenitor pathology in EML1-linked cortical malformation. EMBO Rep. 2022 May 4;23(5):e54027.
7. Wang M, Zhang L, Novak SW, Yu J, Gallina IS, Xu LL, Lim CK, Fernandes S, Shokhirev MN, Williams AE, Saxena MD, Coorapati S, Parylak SL, Quintero C, Molina E, Andrade LR, Manor U, Gage FH. Morphological diversification and functional maturation of human astrocytes in glia-enriched cortical organoid transplanted in mouse brain. Nat Biotechnol. 2024 Feb 28:10.1038/s41587-024-02157-8.
8. Delepine C, Pham VA, Tsang HWS, Sur M. GSK3ß inhibitor CHIR 99021 modulates cerebral organoid development through dose-dependent regulation of apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation and migration. PLoS One. 2021 May 5;16(5):e0251173.
9. Roth JG, Brunel LG, Huang MS, Liu Y, Cai B, Sinha S, Yang F, Pașca SP, Shin S, Heilshorn SC. Spatially controlled construction of assembloids using bioprinting. Nat Commun. 2023 Jul 19;14(1):4346.
10. Fischer J, Fernández Ortuño E, Marsoner F, Artioli A, Peters J, Namba T, Eugster Oegema C, Huttner WB, Ladewig J, Heide M. Human-specific ARHGAP11B ensures human-like basal progenitor levels in hominid cerebral organoids. EMBO Rep. 2022 Nov 7;23(11):e54728.
11. Tynianskaia L, Eşiyok N, Huttner WB, Heide M. Targeted Microinjection and Electroporation of Primate Cerebral Organoids for Genetic Modification. J Vis Exp. 2023 Mar 24;(193):10.3791/65176.
12. Popova G, Retallack H, Kim CN, Wang A, Shin D, DeRisi JL, Nowakowski T. Rubella virus tropism and single-cell responses in human primary tissue and microglia-containing organoids. Elife. 2023 Jul 20;12:RP87696
13. Andrews MG, Siebert C, Wang L, White ML, Ross J, Morales R, Donnay M, Bamfonga G, Mukhtar T, McKinney AA, Gemenes K, Wang S, Bi Q, Crouch EE, Parikshak N, Panagiotakos G, Huang E, Bhaduri A, Kriegstein AR. LIF signaling regulates outer radial glial to interneuron fate during human cortical development. Cell Stem Cell. 2023 Oct 5;30(10):1382-1391.e5.